欧洲历史 拿破仑英文简介
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欧洲历史 拿破仑英文简介
拿破仑英文简介
Napoleon I ——Emperor of the French
1769 - 1821
“Ambition is never content, even on the summit of greatness.”
——Napoleon Bonaparte
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Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio on the Mediterranean island of Corsica. Through his military exploits and his ruthless efficiency, Napoleon rose from obscurity to become Napoleon I, Empereur des Francais （Emperor of the French）。 He is both a historical figure and a legend—and it is sometimes difficult to separate the two. The events of his life fired the imaginations of great writers, film makers, and playwrights whose works have done much to create the Napoleonic legend.
Napoleon decided on a military career when he was a child, winning a scholarship to a French military academy. His meteoric rise shocked not only France but all of Europe, and his military conquests threatened the stability of the world.
Napoleon was one of the greatest military commanders in history. He has also been portrayed as a power hungry conqueror. Napoleon denied being such a conqueror. He argued that he was building a federation of free peoples in a Europe united under a liberal government. But if this was his goal, he intended to achieve it by taking power in his own hands. However, in the states he created, Napoleon granted constitutions, introduced law codes, abolished feudalism, created efficient governments and fostered education, science, literature and the arts.
Emperor Napoleon proved to be an excellent civil administrator. One of his greatest achievements was his supervision of the revision and collection of French law into codes. The new law codes—seven in number—incorporated some of the freedoms gained by the people of France during the French revolution, including religious toleration and the abolition of serfdom. The most famous of the codes, the Code Napoleon or Code Civil, still forms the basis of French civil law. Napoleon also centralized France\'s government by appointing prefects to administer regions called departments, into which France was divided.
While Napoleon believed in government "for" the people, he rejected government "by" the people. His France was a police state with a vast network of secret police and spies. The police shut down plays containing any hint of disagreement or criticism of the government. The press was controlled by the state. It was impossible to express an opinion without Napoleon\'s approval.
Napoleon\'s own opinion of his career is best stated in the following quotation:
“I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution.”
His death on 5 May 1821 brought relief to the royal houses of Europe and it was only in 1840 that his body was allowed to return to his beloved France.
相关参考
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一、为什么说拿破仑改变了欧洲的历史一.拿破仑战争的历史进步作用在当时的历史条件下，拿破仑战争还具有保卫法国大革命的胜利成果，并把法国革命思想和革命制度推行到欧洲，破坏欧洲的封建秩序，动摇欧洲的封建制度
拿破仑滑铁卢战役 在１８１３年１０月１６日至１９日与联军在莱比锡城外战败之后，１８１４年４月６日退位之前，拿破仑竭力想要保住他的统治地位。在布吕歇尔和奥地利元帅施瓦尔岑贝格将他赶回法国本土之前，拿破